Weights & Measures Tables
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AVOIRDUPOIS OR COMMERCIAL WEIGHT

1 gross or long ton (l. tn.) = 2240 pounds
1 net or short ton (sh. tn.) = 2000 pounds
1 long hundred weight (l. cwt.) = 112 pounds
1 short hundred weight (sh. cwt.) = 100 pounds
1 pound (lb.) = 16 ounces (oz.) = 7000 grains (gr.)
1 ounce (oz.) = 16 drams (dr.) = 437.5 grains
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APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT

1 pound (lb. ap.) = 12 ounces = 5760 grains
1 ounce (oz. ap.) = 8 drams = 480 grains
1 dram (dr. ap.) = 3 scruples = 60 grains
1 scruple (s. ap.) = 20 grains  
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METRIC EQUIVALENTS AVOIRDUPOIS OR COMMERCIAL WEIGHT

1 long ton = 1.016 metric ton = 1016 kilograms
1 short tun = 0.9072 metric ton = 907.2 kilograms
1 pound av. = 0.4356 kilograms = 453.6 grams
1 ounce av. = 28.35 grams (g)    
1 grain (gr.) = 0.0648 gram (g)
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TROY WEIGHT

1 pound (lb. t.) = 12 ounces = 5760 grains
1 ounce (oz. t.) = 20 pennyweights = 480 grains
1 pennyweight (dwt.) = 24 grains  
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METRIC WEIGHT

1 metric ton (t) = 1000 kilograms    
1 kilogram (or kilo) (kg) = 1000 grams = 10 hectograms
1 hectogram (hg) = 100 grams = 10 dekagrams
1 dekagram (dkg) = 10 grams    
1 gram (g) = 10 decigrams    
1 decigram (dg) = 10 centigrams    
1 centigram (cg) = 10 milligrams (mg) 
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AVOIRDUPOIS EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC WEIGHT

1 ton (metric) = 0.9842 long ton = 2204.6 pounds av.
1 ton (metric) = 1.1023 short ton = 2204.6 pounds av.
1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds av. = 35.274 ounces av.
1 gram = 0.03527 ounces av.    
1 gram = 15.432 grains 
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TROY AND APOTHECARIES' WEIGHTS EQUIVALENTS IN AVOIRDUPOIS AND METRIC WEIGHT

1 pound Troy or apothecaries' = 0.82286 pounds avoirdupois = 373.2 grams
1 ounce Troy or apothecaries' = 1.09714 ounce avoirdupois = 31.103 grams
1 grain Troy or apothecaries' = 1 grain avoirdupois = 0.0648 gram
1 pound avoirdupois = 1.21528 pound Troy or apothecaries'    
1 kilogram (kg) = 32.1507 ounce Troy or apothecaries'    
1 gram (g) = 0.0322 ounce Troy or apothecaries'  
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MEASURES OF LENGTH

1 mile (mi.) = 1760 yards = 5280 feet = 1.609 kilometers
1 yard (yd.) = 3 feet = 36 inches = 0.9144 meter
1 foot (ft.) = 12 inches = 304.8 millimeters    
1 inch (in.) = 25.4 millimeters        
1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meter        
1 meter (m) = 10 decimeter = 3.2808 feet = 39.37 inches
1 decimeter (dm) = 10 centimeter = 3.937 inches    
1 centimeter (cm) = 10 millimeter (mm) = 0.3937 inches 
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FLUID POWER EQUIVALENTS/EXACT EQUIVALENTS

1 U.S. gallon = 231 cubic inches 
  = 4 quarts or 8 pints
  = 128 ounces (liquid) 
  = 133.37 ounces (weight) 
  =  8.3356 pounds 
  = 3.785 liters 
1 imperial gallon = 1.2 U.S. gallons 
1 Liter = 0.2642 U.S. gallons 
1 cubic foot = 7.48 gallons 
  = 1728 cubic inches 
  = 62.4 pounds (water) 
  = 760 mm Hg 
1 Cu. ft. water = 62.4 pounds 
1 Bar at sea level = 14.504 PSI 
Approx. 1/2 PSI decrease each  1000 foot of elevation 
1 "Hg  = 0.490 PSI 
  = 1.131 ft. water 
1 horsepower = 33,000 ft. lbs. per minute 
  = 550 ft. lbs. per second 
  = 42.4 BTU per minute
  = 2545 BTU per hour
  = 746 watts or 0.746 kw
1 PSI = 2.0416 "Hg
  = 27.72 " water
  = 27.71 bar 
1 Atmosphere = 1.013 bars 
  = 29.921 "Hg
  = 14.696 PSI 
  = 760 mm Hg 
1 Foot water column = 0.432 PSI 
1 Foot oil column  = 0.354 PSI
1 Barrel oil = 42 gallons
1 Micro-meter (micron) = 0.000001 meter 
  = 0.001 centimeter 
  = 0.00004 inch 
25 Micro-meters = 0.001 inch
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FLUID POWER EQUIVALENTS/APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS

1 Pint = 2 cups
2 cups = 32 tablespoons
32 tablespoons = 96 teaspoons
96 teaspoons = 16 fluid ounces
16 fluid ounces = 1 lb.
1 Quart = 4 cups
4 cups = 2 pints
2 pints = 32 fluid ounces
32 fluid ounces = 2 pounds
1 Gallon = 16 cups
16 cups = 4 quarts
4 quarts = 8 pints
8 pints = 128 fluid ounces
128 fluid ounces = 231 cubic inches
1 Cup = 16 tablespoons
16 tablespoons = 48 teaspoons
1 Tablespoon = 3 tsp.
3 tsp. = 1/2 fluid ounce
1 Fluid oz. (volume) = 600 drops hydraulic oil
1 Cubic inch = 330 drops (oil)
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FLUID POWER ABBREVIATIONS

abs absolute (as in psia) 
A-C alternating current 
Bhn Brinell hardness number 
Btu British thermal unit 
C degrees Centigrade (Celsius) 
cc closed center 
ccw counter clockwise 
cfm cubic feet per minute 
cfs cubic feet per second 
cir cubic inches per revolution 
cim cubic inches per minute 
com common 
cpm cycles per minute 
cps cycles per second 
cu.in/rev cubic inches per revolution 
cw clockwise 
cyl cylinder 
dia diameter 
ext external 
F degrees Fahrenheit 
fl fluid 
fpm feet per minute 
ft foot 
ft-lb foot pound 
gal  gallon 
gpm gallons per minute 
Hg Mercury 
HP horsepower 
Hz Hertz 
ID inside diameter 
in inch 
in-lb inch pound
int internal 
ipm inches per minute 
ips inches per second 
lb pound 
max maximum 
min minimum 
mtd mounted 
NC normally closed 
NO normally open 
NPT national pipe thread 
NPTF dryseal pipe threads 
oc open center 
oz ounce 
P.O. pilot operated 
press pressure 
psi pounds per square inch 
psia psi absolute 
psig psi gauge 
pt pint 
qt quart 
r radius 
rms root mean square 
rpm revolutions per minute 
rps revolutions per second 
scfm standard cu. ft. per minute 
Smls seamless 
sol solenoid 
SSU Saybolt seconds universal 
SUS Saybolt universal seconds 
u micro-meters or microns 
T torque 
vac vacuum 
VI viscosity index 
visc viscosity
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Another List...
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Common Weights and Measures
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Length

Metric System

1 millimeter = 1/1,000 meter
1 centimeter = 1/100 meter
1 decimeter = 1/10 meter
1 meter (basic unit of length)
1 dekameter = 10 meters
1 kilometer = 1,000 meters
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American and British Units

1 inch = 1/36 yard = 1/12 foot
1 foot = 1/3 yard
1 yard (basic unit of length)
1 rod = 51-2 yards
1 furlong = 220 yards = 40 rods
1 mile = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet
1 fathom = 6 feet
1 nautical mile = 6,076.1 feet
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Conversion Factors

1 centimeter = 0.39 inch
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
1 meter = 39.37 inches
1 foot = 0.305 meter
1 meter = 3.28 feet
1 yard = 0.914 meter
1 meter = 1.094 yards
1 kilometer = 0.62 mile
1 mile = 1.609 kilometers
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Area

Metric System

1 square centimeter = 1/10,000 square meter
1 square decimeter = 1/100 square meter
1 square meter (basic unit of area)
1 are = 100 square meters
1 hectare = 10,000 square meters = 100 ares
1 square kilometer = 1,000,000 square meters
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American and British Units

1 square inch = 1/1,296 square yard = 1/144 square foot
1 square foot = 1/9 square yard
1 square yard (basic unit of area)
1 square rod = 301-4 square yards
1 acre = 4,840 square yards = 160 square rods
1 square mile = 3,097,600 square yards = 640 acres
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Conversion Factors

1 square centimeter = 0.155 square inch
1 square inch = 6.45 square centimeters
1 acre = 0.405 hectare
1 hectare = 2.47 acres
1 square kilometer = 0.386 square mile
1 square mile = 2.59 square kilometers
Volume and Capacity (Liquid and Dry)
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Metric System

1 cubic centimeter = 1/1,000,000 cubic meter
1 cubic decimeter = 1/1,000 cubic meter
1 cubic meter = 1 stere (basic unit of volume)
1 milliliter = 1/1,000 liter = 1 cubic centimeter
1 centiliter = 1/100 liter
1 deciliter = 1/10 liter
1 liter = 1 cubic decimeter (basic unit of capacity)
1 dekaliter = 10 liters
1 hectoliter = 100 liters = 1/10 cubic meter
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American and British Units

1 cubic inch = 1/46,656 cubic yard = 1/1,728 cubic foot
1 cubic foot = 1/27 cubic yard
1 cubic yard (basic unit of volume)
1 U.S. fluid ounce = 1/128 U.S. gallon = 1/16 U.S. pint
1 British imperial fluid ounce = 1/160 imperial gallon = 1/20 imperial pint
1 pint = 1/8 gallon = 1/2 quart
1 quart = 1/4 gallon
1 U.S. gallon (basic unit of liquid capacity in the US) = 231 cubic inches
1 imperial gallon h = 277.4 cubic inches
1 dry pint = 1/64 bushel = 1/2 dry quart
1 dry quart = 1/32 bushel = 1/8 peck
1 peck = 1/4 bushel
1 U.S. bushel (basic unit of dry capacity in the US) = 2,150.4 cubic inches
1 imperial bushel = 2,219.4 cubic inches
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Conversion Factors

1 cubic centimeter = 0.06 cubic inch
1 cubic inch = 16.4 cubic centimeters
1 cubic yard = 0.765 cubic meter
1 cubic meter = 1.3 cubic yards
1 milliliter = 0.034 fluid ounce
1 fluid ounce = 29.6 milliliters
1 U.S. quart = 0.946 liter
1 liter = 1.06 U.S. quarts
1 U.S. gallon = 3.8 liters
1 imperial gallon = 1.2 U.S. gallons = 4.5 liters
1 liter = 0.9 dry quart
1 dry quart = 1.1 liters
1 dekaliter = 0.28 U.S. bushel
1 U.S. bushel = 0.97 imperial bushel = 3.5 dekaliters
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Weight (Mass)

Metric System

1 milligram = 1/1,000,000 kilogram = 1/1,000 gram
1 centigram = 1/100,000 kilogram = 1/100 gram
1 decigram = 1/10,000 kilogram = 1/10 gram
1 gram = 1/1,000 kilogram
1 dekagram = 1/100 kilogram = 10 grams
1 hectogram = 1/10 kilogram = 100 grams
1 kilogram (basic unit of weight or mass)
1 metric ton = 1,000 kilograms
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American and British Units: Avoirdupois

1 grain = 1/7,000 pound = 1/437.5 ounce
1 dram = 1/256 pound = 1/16 ounce
1 ounce = 1/16 pound
1 pound (basic unit of weight or mass)
1 short hundredweight = 100 pounds
1 long hundredweight = 112 pounds
1 short ton = 2,000 pounds
1 long ton = 2,240 pounds
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American and British Units: Troy and Apothecaries'

1 grain = 1/7,000 avoirdupois pound = 1/5,760 troy or apothecaries' pound
1 apothecaries' scruple = 20 grains = 1/3 dram
1 pennyweight = 24 grains = 1/20 troy ounce
1 apothecaries' dram = 60 grains = 1/8 apothecaries' ounce
1 troy or apothecaries' ounce = 480 grains = 1/12 troy or apothecaries' pound
1 troy or apothecaries' pound = 5,760 grains = 5,760/7,000 avoirdupois pound
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Conversion Factors

1 milligram = 0.015 grain
1 grain = 64.8 milligrams
1 gram = 0.035 avoirdupois ounce
1 avoirdupois ounce = 28.35 grams
1 troy or apothecaries' pound = 0.82 avoirdupois pound = 0.37 kilogram
1 avoirdupois pound = 1.2 troy or apothecaries' pounds = 0.45 kilogram
1 kilogram = 2.205 avoirdupois pounds
1 short ton = 0.9 metric ton
1 metric ton = 1.1 short tons
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